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information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/w11947/web/public_html/typo3_src-4.1.2/t3lib/class.t3lib_div.php:997) in /home/w11947/web/public_html/typo3_src-4.1.2/typo3/sysext/cms/tslib/class.tslib_fe.php on line 2907 Treibhauseffekt

Axel Jabs

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Umweltberatung Axel Jabs  /  Treibhauseffekt
Natürlicher Treibhauseffekt

Der natürliche Treibhauseffekt der Erde ist absolut notwendig für das Leben. Die durchschnittliche Temperatur an der Erdoberfläche beträgt +15 °C, ohne den natürlichen Treibhauseffekt läge sie bei -18 °C! Diese Erkenntnis ergibt sich bei der Strahlungsbetrachtung nach dem Kirchhoffschen Strahlungsgesetz und nach dem Stefan-Bolzmann-Gesetz. Die Differenz von 33 K haben wir dem natürlichen Treibhauseffekt zu verdanken.


Was passiert beim Treibhauseffekt

Das kurzwellige Sonnenlicht kann fast ungehindert die Erdatmosphäre passieren und führt dann zur Erwärmung der Erdoberfläche. Die Erdoberfläche strahlt wiederum langwellige Wärmestrahlung in den Weltraum zurück. Die abgestrahlte Wärmemenge hängt von der Oberflächentemperatur der Erde ab, eine höhere Temperatur bedeutet auch eine höhere Abstrahlung. Aufgrund der genannten Gesetzmäßigkeiten wird sich eine mittlere Temperatur einstellen, so dass sich die eingestrahlte und die abgestrahlte Energiemenge ausgleichen.

 

Hier kommt jetzt der Treibhauseffekt zum Tragen, die langwellige Strahlung der Erde wird von den mehratomigen Gasmolekülen der Luft bevorzugt absorbiert und zum Energieausgleich auch wieder abgegeben. Diese Abstrahlung erfolgt gleichmäßig in alle Raumrichtungen, so dass ein Teil der Wärmestrahlung auf die Erde zurückfällt. Damit erhöht sich die Temperatur, bis die von der Erde abgestrahlte Energiemenge der Einstrahlungsmenge von der Sonne entspricht.

 

Natürliche Treibhausgase sind z. B. Wasserdampf (H2O), Kohlendioxid (CO2), Methan (CH4) ... .


Beobachtungen zum Treihauseffekt

Die Wirkung des natürlichen Treibhauseffekts kann anhand der Tag- / Nacht- Temperaturwechsel in den verschiedenen Klimazonen beobachtet werden. In den gemäßigten Breitengraden gibt es eine höhere Luftfeuchtigkeit als in den Wüstenzonen. Diese Luftfeuchtigkeit sorgt in der Nacht für eine langsamere Abkühlung, da die Wärmestrahlung der Erde durch den Treibhauseffekt an einer Abstrahlung in den Weltraum gehindert wird. In der Wüste gibt es durch die Trockene Luft einen deutlich geringeren Treibhauseffekt, so dass mehr Strahlung ungehindert in den Weltraum gelangt und die Temperatur sehr viel schneller sinken.


>> weiter anthropogener Treibhauseffekt



Letzte Änderung dieser Ansicht:  15:26 19.12.2009

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